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Our analysis of these sunspot areas will provide important information for restoring the magnetograms during the Dalton minimum.
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Further, we generate solar magnetograms from Derfflinger’s sunspot drawings using a deep-learning model based on conditional generative adversarial networks. We also analyze Prantner’s sunspot drawings to validate our analysis of Derfflinger’s drawings. We find that the sunspot areas obtained from Derfflinger’s drawings are overemphasized by a factor of eight relative to those derived from modern observations. In this study, we analyze Derfflinger and Prantner’s sunspot drawings to determine the sunspot parameters, particularly the sunspot area. To understand the solar magnetic activity in the Dalton minimum, it is important to estimate the latitude/longitude distribution of the sunspots and the sunspot areas for that duration. Derfflinger and Prantner’s sunspot observations of 1802–18–1844 are the most important references for this period. Specifically, the solar magnetic field in this period is of great interest. The Dalton minimum is considered to be one of the unique solar activity periods that have been captured in direct sunspot observations since 1610.